Unfortunately, the bee business isn’t going so well. A novel phenomenon called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) has been taking a colossal toll on our honey bees. During fall 2006, beekeepers in many countries around the world noticed a sudden disappearance of managed honey bee colonies, and for no apparent reason. These hives were formerly healthy, but for some reason bees simply abandoned their hives, often leaving just the queen and a few caretakers. In February 2007, the syndrome had been named (Kaplan). Congress recognized Colony Collapse Disorder as a threat in 2007 and granted emergency funds to the U.S. Department of Agriculture to witness honey bee disappearances. The 2008 Farm Bill granted the Department of Agriculture $20 million each year to support bee research and related work (NRDC). Research is underway to try to determine the causes of CCD, and how to prevent it from occurring. Possibilities involve combinations of pesticide exposure, invasive parasitic mites, inadequate food supply, transportation, and many different viruses. As the cause is believed to be from multiple sources, pinpointing them will be difficult. Many viruses are believed to be passed on by the mites, which in of themselves are devastating enough.

At an apiculture conference, a commercial beekeeper cries in front of the audience. In 6 months, he was broke, loosing his house, and his entire beekeeping operation had been wiped out. The cause of his disaster was two little parasites. One, the varroa mite, is described by James Tew, a specialist in beekeeping at Ohio State University, as the “biggest catastrophe to befall apiculture since its establishment in this country in the 1600s… In only a few years, the varroa mite redesigned nearly 300 years of North American apiculture in ways akin to the dramatic way the boll weevil restructured the cotton-producing industry … in the early 1920s.” Varroa mites are large enough to be seen by the peruse. Female varroa mites attach to bees between abdominal segments, feeding on a substance similar to our blood, called hemolmph. When females enter a nursery cell, called a brood cell, the mites lay eggs. The mite nymphs then feed on the developing bees. The mites and bees leave the brood cell together, as adults. The mites cause many birth defects, such as shortened abdomens, deformed wings and legs, or sometimes cause death. Colonies infested with varroa mites that are not treated can survive for about 8-18 months. Scott Camazine, an entomologist at Penn Plot University, believes that the mites aren’t the main predicament. He says that the mites are simply making viral transmission faster (Doebler).

The other mite feeding on honeybees are tracheal mites. These mites are considerable smaller than varroa mites and believed to be less dangerous. These parasites live and feed in the bee’s trachea, clogging the airway and limiting respiration. The major effect of this is that bees cannot raise their metabolic rate to keep warm while they fly. Beekeepers frequently plot grease patties or menthol chips inside the hives when honey is not being produced to slow the spread of tracheal mites.

Many studies trying to determine the cause of CCD are built on a project started for the California almond crops. The study started as a way to artificially supplement the honeybee’s diets in order to create larger colonies (Flores). As California is a major consumer of honeybee consume for pollination, it is not surprising that the first misfortune to fight CCD have started there.

Entomologist Jeff Pettis, research leader of the ARS Bee Research Laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland, is working on several collaborations to try to determine the cause of CCD. One watch is looking at the combination of pesticide use and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), found in a previous peer with university researcher Jay D. Evans, to be strongly associated with CCD. The second experiment will scrutinize at the effects of varroa mites and pesticides combined. If these two studies fail, other combinations will be explored. One of the issues with these and other CCD studies is that samples have only been taken after CCD has been reported. Therefore, Pettis has begun his study with three different beekeepers one both healthy and affected hives. Hopefully, the samples will give information to previous signs and causes of CCD (Kaplan). John Adamczyk, the acting research leader for ARS’s Honey Bee Research Unit in Weslaco, Texas, explains the hope for the study: “At the demolish of the 5-year cycle we’ll have specific recommendations that the beekeeper could use on how to manage bees more efficiently during long-range transport for pollination. We want to be able to transfer that technology to be useful by the end user” (Flores).

A major issue is the huge outburst of IAPV. Some thought that importation of bees from Australia and China had brought the disease with them, but entomologists Yanping (Judy) Chen and Evans, both also with the ARS Bee Research Laboratory, found otherwise. Chen said that “Our notice shows that, without question, IAPV has been in this country since at least 2002. This work makes it clear that IAPV is not a recent introduction from Australia” (Kaplan). This however, does not rule out IAPV as a cause of CCD.

American foulbrood a bacterial disease of the honey bee, which is very devastating to bee colonies. The most obvious symptom is a creamy or dark brown glue-like larval remain that can be pulled out in a rope. This test is known as the ‘matchstick test.’ It affects the brood cells, killing bees before they are productive, usually while pupae, and occasionally with larvae. Brood cells may be spotted, showing early signs (de Graaf). Introduction of American foulbrood, or any other foulbrood, can slay off all future generations of honey bees is not spotted and treated immediately. A new drug, tylosin tartrate (TYLAN Soluble), has been favorite for use to treat foulbrood (Honey Bees). If treated, colonies can continue to thrive.

A very gigantic study involving pesticides has been conducted. 158 pesticides were tested among the honey bee, the leaf cutting bee, and the alkali bee. The leaf cutting bee is a solitary nesting bee that mainly foraging on alfalfa plants. Nests are built in narrow tube-like cavities, and separate cells are made for each egg and lined with alfalfa. The cell is then plugged with alfalfa leaves, and a new nest is made in the area. The alkali bee is also a solitary, bee that builds nests in soil. This western bee likes alkaline soils near water. The nest is between five and twenty centimeters deep, with many oval cells branching off the main shaft. This bee pollinates mainly alfalfa, onion, clover, celery, and mints. A smaller pesticide study has also been conducted on the bumble bee. Bumble bees are social insects, like honey bees. They make smaller nests, consisting of only 100-500 individuals. They prefer to nest underground, like the alkali bee, and need undisturbed meadows, old barns or woodlots. Bumble bees work harder than honeybees at cooler temperatures. They pollinate a larger variety of plants, but do particularly well on tomatoes and berries. The results were very similar for all species, although certain bees do better than others with different pesticides (Devillers).

Many researchers have found a completely different solution to the problem of CCD, that is, to simply not have honey bee hives. Wild bees, also known as non-honey bees, have been shown to be better pollinators than the honeybee, although it is still unclear as to whether non-native honey bees are negatively effecting wild native bee populations. Studies are conflicting, and expansive pollination results have occurred when passe together, yet the large numbers of honeybees could have a gigantic impact on native species if food supplies are limited (Paini). Entomologist James Cane has found that a new native bee, called the Osmia bee, or the Mason bee, is a wonderful pollinator of berries. Cane learned of the bee from bee enthusiast Ron yon der Hellen, who told Cane of the quarter-inch long metallic green bee that had housed itself in his wooden nesting boards that he keeps as housing for leaf cutting bees. Cane borrowed several hundred of these bees and found that they visited as many red raspberry flowers as did honey bees in the same amount of time,, and nearly as many blackberry flowers. While red raspberries and blackberries are self-pollinating, bee visits made berries better. Cane found that red raspberry flowers visited by honey bees or the Osmia bees bore berries that were 30% heavier. The Osmia bee however, always gathered pollen, while honeybees did not. Even better, these bees are resistant to the devastating mites. After 5 years of study, Cane plans to give these emerald-green bees to growers and beekeepers (Wood).

Another study shows that native bees are up to five times more efficient at pollinating sunflowers than honeybees alone. Researchers at the Berkeley and Davis campuses of the University of California found that wild bees play a crucial role in the pollinating process. Sarah Greenleaf, the study’s leader, says that, “Up until now, we have opinion that honey bees alone were doing most of the pollination, but now we know that a lot of honey bee pollination happens because of their interaction with wild native bees. This means that wild bees are much, much more important that we previously thought.” She and Claire Kremen observed the behavior of honey bees and wild native bees in sunflower fields during two different growing seasons. They found that in fields where wild bees were rare, one honeybee visit produced, on average, three seeds. As the number of wild bees increased, so did the number of seeds produced, up to 15 seeds per visit. To hold their data trim, each flower was bagged before it bloomed, allowed one visit, and then re-bagged until the seeds were produced (Two Bees). The drastic difference shows that native bees are a vital part of the pollination process.

Native bees are shown to be the most important crop pollinators in a recent study of watermelon crops. This behold showed that native bees alone are sufficient to pollinate the watermelon. The contemplate involved 46 species of wild bees, and showed that native bees, given proper habitat, could replace the honey bee if needed. Natural habitat must be provided, open soil for soil-dwelling species, and year round food supply must be available within 0.3 kilometers, although further distances may suffice (Winfree).

Native bees are a possible, and currently the best, solution to the scrape of CCD. To encourage native bees to live around your home, farm, or orchard, plant native plants. Native plants will thrive without much care and native bees are already well suited to them. Utilize diversity in color, shape, and flowering times to attract many species to make permanent homes. Not all bees like the same colors or the same shape flowers, so be sure to get a variety. Avoid pesticides, or read the Devillers study to determine what would be safest to utilize, and when. Obvious pesticides can only be stale safely on different parts of plants; however there are a few pesticides which have been shown to be completely safe for the studied bees. Nesting sites are a must, so leave so begin ground undisturbed, and consider making nesting boxes (NRDC). All these things combined can befriend a farm or orchard attach money by not renting out honeybees, and as CCD becomes more of an issue, these prices may rise.

Although native bees seem to be a solution to the CCD problem, other issues arise. Most wild bees are solitary, making transportation to large crops like the California almonds nearly impossible. If you of honeybees stopped in the United States, the millions of dollars received from honey and beeswax would no longer exist. These products would need to be imported, and prices would rise drastically. As CCD affects the world, these products may someday be completely eliminated if we do not collect a handle on CCD. Also, the different native bees have other diseases they are susceptible to, and fraction many of the same diseases with honeybees.

Colony Collapse Disorder is a serious problem effecting beekeepers, farmers, and consumers. If we cannot get a handle on what is causing this, the world may fall into a greater depression, and food prices will skim. To combat this, we need to end abusing our honey bees and encourage native bees to take residence approach farms and orchards. Pesticide use needs to be cut down, used in safer ways, or altogether eliminated. Mass transportation of hives over hundreds of miles needs to be stopped, as this likely causes spacious stress to the honeybees, making them more susceptible to disease.

de Graaf, D. C., “Diagnosis of American Foulbrood in Honey Bees: a Synthesis and Proposed Analytical Protocols.” Letters in Applied Microbiology 43.6 (Dec. 2006): 583-590. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 27 Oct. 2008 .

Devillers, J., “Comparative toxicity and hazards of pesticides to Apis and non- Apis bees. A chemometrical study.” SAR & QSAR in Environmental Research 14.5/6 (Oct. 2003): 389-403. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. [University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 1 Nov. 2008 .

Doebler, Stefanie A. "The Rise and Fall of the Honeybee." Bioscience 50.9 (Sep. 2000): 738. Environment Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 3 Nov. 2008 .

Flores, Alfredo. "Improving Honey Bee Health." Agricultural Research 56.2 (Feb. 2008): 7-7. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 27 Oct. 2008 http://libproxy.unm.edu/login? url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=28748594&site=ehost-live.

Honey Bees Get a New Antibiotic." Agricultural Research 54.7 (July 2006): 23-23. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 28 Oct. 2008 .

Kaplan, J. Kim. "A Complex Buzz." Agricultural Research 56.5 (May 2008): 8-11. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 28 Oct. 2008 .

NRDC: Honeybees and Colony Collapse Disorder. Sept. 2008. National Resources Defense Council. 2 Nov. 2008

Paini, D. R. "Impact of the introduced honey bee (Apis mellifera) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on native bees: A review." Austral Ecology 29.4 (Aug. 2004): 399-407. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 14 Nov. 2008 .

"Two Bees Better Than One." Science & Children 44.3 (Nov. 2006): 8-9. Education Research Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM.]. 14 Nov. 2008 http://libproxy.unm.edu/login? url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=ehh&AN=22885757&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

Wood, Marcia. “Wonderful Wild Bees. (Cover story).” Agricultural Research 56.2 (Feb. 2008): 4-6. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 14 Nov. 2008 .

Winfree, Rachael, et al. “Native bees provide insurance against ongoing honey bee losses.” Ecology Letters
10.11 (Nov. 2007): 1105-1113. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 14 Nov. 2008 .

Auto insurance is like any other monthly or periodic insurance payment in that it feels to the consumer like they are throwing money away every time they pay the premium. The feeling that you are never going to use that service gives you the feeling that you are getting ripped off by the very reputable company that sold it to you. However, when the time comes and you do have to use the service you could be surprised by what you pay for. Here are a few arguments against getting a cheap auto insurance quote:

Collision Deductible – Many people mediate that by making this higher or eliminating it altogether they can get to the monthly premium that they want. Here is the problem with that line of thinking, will you be able to pay that amount in one lump sum if something does go foul or you are in a car accident? If you make your deductible $1,250 and you are in a wreck and this is your critical or only vehicle, how do you belief to get to work everyday if you can’t make that payment?

Liability Limits – With the ability now to do your own quote online you may have noticed that this has the biggest impact on your premium. The reason is simple; it has the greatest probability of making the insurance company make a titanic payment to someone else if you are at fault for an accident. Impartial remember this, if you make your property damage liability limit $25,000 and you total someone else’s BMW your insurance company is only going to pay a total of $25,000 for that vehicle, the rest will be up to you and if you can’t make that payment, expect to show up in court.

These are just a couple of things that could impact your overall auto insurance quote and possibly make it a cheap auto insurance quote. However, cheap isn’t always the best way to go!

Progressive Insurance

The best part about Progressive is that they offer onsite assistance. If your teenager is in an accident or something has happened to their vehicle and they need to make a claim, an agent will respond to their location. Depending on their deductible, they can be issued a check right then and there. Monthly payments for 6 months will be around $200 per month, including high deductibles for comprehensive and collision of $2000. If you or your teenager rob lower deductibles, then you will pay around $250 per month for $100 deductibles for comprehensive and collision. You can get your free quote at www.progressive.com, and also pay for your teenagers premium with a credit or debit card. You will receive a copy of your insurance cards automatically after the payment has processed, by downloading it and printing it out at home.

Esurance

Esuranc is my top choice for teenagers getting auto insurance on their own. Your teen will automatically regain a 5% discount for the first 6 months on their total premium, divided amongst all six months, but only if they purchase their policy online. Your teenager can also receive the great student discount, and if they have a Paypal account, they will also receive a 10% discount automatically. For about $160 per month, your teenager will receive full coverage, with state minimum liability and a $100 deductible for their comprehension and collision. This is the best price, and offers great discounts for your teen. You and your teenager can get a free quote at www.esurance.com and pay for the premium with a credit or debit card. You can also download and print your teenagers insurance cards at home. Once your payment has processed, within minutes, your teenager will be covered.

The General

The General offers different payment methods, like paying only 20% of the full 6 month premium upfront and then about $240 per month for fleshy coverage with the lowest deductible they offer, $250 for comprehension and collision. If you or your teenager can afford to pay a higher deductible of $1000 for comprehension and collision, the highest they offer, you will be paying about $190 for full coverage. Your teenager will receive a $50 discount for purchasing their auto insurance online through their credit or debit card payment processing. If you or your teenager would like to keep the down payment low, you can choose the 8.37% down and make 11 installment payments, which would be the best choice for continuous coverage. Your teenager can download and print their insurance cards after the payment has processed, about two minutes or less, and their coverage will start automatically. You and your teenager can regain a free quote at www.thegeneral.com.

Unfortunately, the bee business isn’t going so well. A original phenomenon called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) has been taking a great toll on our honey bees. During tumble 2006, beekeepers in many countries around the world noticed a sudden disappearance of managed honey bee colonies, and for no apparent reason. These hives were formerly healthy, but for some reason bees simply abandoned their hives, often leaving just the queen and a few caretakers. In February 2007, the syndrome had been named (Kaplan). Congress recognized Colony Collapse Disorder as a threat in 2007 and granted emergency funds to the U.S. Department of Agriculture to study honey bee disappearances. The 2008 Farm Bill granted the Department of Agriculture $20 million each year to serve bee research and related work (NRDC). Research is underway to try to determine the causes of CCD, and how to prevent it from occurring. Possibilities involve combinations of pesticide exposure, invasive parasitic mites, inadequate food supply, transportation, and many different viruses. As the cause is believed to be from multiple sources, pinpointing them will be difficult. Many viruses are believed to be passed on by the mites, which in of themselves are devastating enough.

At an apiculture conference, a commercial beekeeper cries in front of the audience. In 6 months, he was broke, loosing his house, and his entire beekeeping operation had been wiped out. The cause of his concern was two minute parasites. One, the varroa mite, is described by James Tew, a specialist in beekeeping at Ohio State University, as the “biggest catastrophe to befall apiculture since its establishment in this country in the 1600s… In only a few years, the varroa mite redesigned nearly 300 years of North American apiculture in ways akin to the dramatic way the boll weevil restructured the cotton-producing industry … in the early 1920s.” Varroa mites are stout enough to be seen by the eye. Female varroa mites attach to bees between abdominal segments, feeding on a substance similar to our blood, called hemolmph. When females enter a nursery cell, called a brood cell, the mites lay eggs. The mite nymphs then feed on the developing bees. The mites and bees leave the brood cell together, as adults. The mites cause many birth defects, such as shortened abdomens, deformed wings and legs, or sometimes cause death. Colonies infested with varroa mites that are not treated can survive for about 8-18 months. Scott Camazine, an entomologist at Penn State University, believes that the mites aren’t the main quandary. He says that the mites are simply making viral transmission faster (Doebler).

The other mite feeding on honeybees are tracheal mites. These mites are much smaller than varroa mites and believed to be less dangerous. These parasites live and feed in the bee’s trachea, clogging the airway and limiting respiration. The major finish of this is that bees cannot raise their metabolic rate to hold warm while they fly. Beekeepers frequently place grease patties or menthol chips inside the hives when honey is not being produced to slow the spread of tracheal mites.

Many studies trying to choose the cause of CCD are built on a project started for the California almond crops. The study started as a way to artificially supplement the honeybee’s diets in order to create larger colonies (Flores). As California is a major consumer of honeybee use for pollination, it is not surprising that the first anxiety to fight CCD have started there.

Entomologist Jeff Pettis, research leader of the ARS Bee Research Laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland, is working on several collaborations to try to determine the cause of CCD. One study is looking at the combination of pesticide use and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), found in a previous study with university researcher Jay D. Evans, to be strongly associated with CCD. The second experiment will look at the effects of varroa mites and pesticides combined. If these two studies fail, other combinations will be explored. One of the issues with these and other CCD studies is that samples have only been taken after CCD has been reported. Therefore, Pettis has begun his study with three different beekeepers one both healthy and affected hives. Hopefully, the samples will give information to previous signs and causes of CCD (Kaplan). John Adamczyk, the acting research leader for ARS’s Honey Bee Research Unit in Weslaco, Texas, explains the hope for the study: “At the end of the 5-year cycle we’ll have specific recommendations that the beekeeper could use on how to manage bees more efficiently during long-range transport for pollination. We want to be able to transfer that technology to be useful by the end user” (Flores).

A major mumble is the huge outburst of IAPV. Some thought that importation of bees from Australia and China had brought the disease with them, but entomologists Yanping (Judy) Chen and Evans, both also with the ARS Bee Research Laboratory, found otherwise. Chen said that “Our study shows that, without question, IAPV has been in this country since at least 2002. This work makes it clear that IAPV is not a unique introduction from Australia” (Kaplan). This however, does not rule out IAPV as a cause of CCD.

American foulbrood a bacterial disease of the honey bee, which is very devastating to bee colonies. The most obvious symptom is a creamy or dark brown glue-like larval remain that can be pulled out in a rope. This test is known as the ‘matchstick test.’ It affects the brood cells, killing bees before they are productive, usually while pupae, and occasionally with larvae. Brood cells may be spotted, showing early signs (de Graaf). Introduction of American foulbrood, or any other foulbrood, can destroy off all future generations of honey bees is not spotted and treated immediately. A new drug, tylosin tartrate (TYLAN Soluble), has been approved for use to treat foulbrood (Honey Bees). If treated, colonies can continue to thrive.

A very large study spirited pesticides has been conducted. 158 pesticides were tested among the honey bee, the leaf cutting bee, and the alkali bee. The leaf cutting bee is a solitary nesting bee that mainly foraging on alfalfa plants. Nests are built in narrow tube-like cavities, and separate cells are made for each egg and lined with alfalfa. The cell is then plugged with alfalfa leaves, and a recent nest is made in the area. The alkali bee is also a solitary, bee that builds nests in soil. This western bee likes alkaline soils near water. The nest is between five and twenty centimeters deep, with many oval cells branching off the main shaft. This bee pollinates mainly alfalfa, onion, clover, celery, and mints. A smaller pesticide study has also been conducted on the bumble bee. Bumble bees are social insects, like honey bees. They make smaller nests, consisting of only 100-500 individuals. They prefer to nest underground, like the alkali bee, and need undisturbed meadows, old barns or woodlots. Bumble bees work harder than honeybees at cooler temperatures. They pollinate a larger variety of plants, but do particularly well on tomatoes and berries. The results were very similar for all species, although certain bees do better than others with different pesticides (Devillers).

Many researchers have found a completely different solution to the spot of CCD, that is, to simply not have honey bee hives. Wild bees, also known as non-honey bees, have been shown to be better pollinators than the honeybee, although it is serene unclear as to whether non-native honey bees are negatively effecting wild native bee populations. Studies are conflicting, and great pollination results have occurred when used together, yet the large numbers of honeybees could have a ample impact on native species if food supplies are limited (Paini). Entomologist James Cane has found that a original native bee, called the Osmia bee, or the Mason bee, is a wonderful pollinator of berries. Cane learned of the bee from bee enthusiast Ron yon der Hellen, who told Cane of the quarter-inch long metallic green bee that had housed itself in his wooden nesting boards that he keeps as housing for leaf cutting bees. Cane borrowed several hundred of these bees and found that they visited as many red raspberry flowers as did honey bees in the same amount of time,, and nearly as many blackberry flowers. While red raspberries and blackberries are self-pollinating, bee visits made berries better. Cane found that red raspberry flowers visited by honey bees or the Osmia bees bore berries that were 30% heavier. The Osmia bee however, always gathered pollen, while honeybees did not. Even better, these bees are resistant to the devastating mites. After 5 years of study, Cane plans to give these emerald-green bees to growers and beekeepers (Wood).

Another study shows that native bees are up to five times more efficient at pollinating sunflowers than honeybees alone. Researchers at the Berkeley and Davis campuses of the University of California found that wild bees play a crucial role in the pollinating process. Sarah Greenleaf, the study’s leader, says that, “Up until now, we have opinion that honey bees alone were doing most of the pollination, but now we know that a lot of honey bee pollination happens because of their interaction with wild native bees. This means that wild bees are much, distinguished more important that we previously thought.” She and Claire Kremen observed the behavior of honey bees and wild native bees in sunflower fields during two different growing seasons. They found that in fields where wild bees were rare, one honeybee visit produced, on average, three seeds. As the number of wild bees increased, so did the number of seeds produced, up to 15 seeds per visit. To keep their data clean, each flower was bagged before it bloomed, allowed one visit, and then re-bagged until the seeds were produced (Two Bees). The drastic contrast shows that native bees are a vital part of the pollination process.

Native bees are shown to be the most primary crop pollinators in a recent study of watermelon crops. This study showed that native bees alone are sufficient to pollinate the watermelon. The study involved 46 species of wild bees, and showed that native bees, given proper habitat, could replace the honey bee if needed. Natural habitat must be provided, open soil for soil-dwelling species, and year round food supply must be available within 0.3 kilometers, although further distances may suffice (Winfree).

Native bees are a possible, and currently the best, solution to the problem of CCD. To help native bees to live around your home, farm, or orchard, plant native plants. Native plants will thrive without much care and native bees are already well suited to them. Use diversity in color, shape, and flowering times to attract many species to beget permanent homes. Not all bees like the same colors or the same shape flowers, so be sure to get a variety. Avoid pesticides, or read the Devillers study to determine what would be safest to use, and when. Certain pesticides can only be used safely on different parts of plants; however there are a few pesticides which have been shown to be completely safe for the studied bees. Nesting sites are a must, so leave so begin ground undisturbed, and consider making nesting boxes (NRDC). All these things combined can serve a farm or orchard save money by not renting out honeybees, and as CCD becomes more of an issue, these prices may rise.

Although native bees seem to be a solution to the CCD problem, other issues arise. Most wild bees are solitary, making transportation to large crops like the California almonds nearly impossible. If you of honeybees stopped in the United States, the millions of dollars received from honey and beeswax would no longer exist. These products would need to be imported, and prices would rise drastically. As CCD affects the world, these products may someday be completely eliminated if we do not get a handle on CCD. Also, the different native bees have other diseases they are susceptible to, and share many of the same diseases with honeybees.

Colony Collapse Disorder is a serious problem effecting beekeepers, farmers, and consumers. If we cannot get a handle on what is causing this, the world may descend into a greater depression, and food prices will hover. To combat this, we need to stop abusing our honey bees and serve native bees to take residence near farms and orchards. Pesticide employ needs to be cut down, used in safer ways, or altogether eliminated. Mass transportation of hives over hundreds of miles needs to be stopped, as this likely causes mountainous stress to the honeybees, making them more susceptible to disease.

de Graaf, D. C., “Diagnosis of American Foulbrood in Honey Bees: a Synthesis and Proposed Analytical Protocols.” Letters in Applied Microbiology 43.6 (Dec. 2006): 583-590. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 27 Oct. 2008 .

Devillers, J., “Comparative toxicity and hazards of pesticides to Apis and non- Apis bees. A chemometrical study.” SAR & QSAR in Environmental Research 14.5/6 (Oct. 2003): 389-403. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. [University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 1 Nov. 2008 .

Doebler, Stefanie A. "The Rise and Fall of the Honeybee." Bioscience 50.9 (Sep. 2000): 738. Environment Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 3 Nov. 2008 .

Flores, Alfredo. "Improving Honey Bee Health." Agricultural Research 56.2 (Feb. 2008): 7-7. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 27 Oct. 2008 http://libproxy.unm.edu/login? url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=28748594&site=ehost-live.

Honey Bees Gain a New Antibiotic." Agricultural Research 54.7 (July 2006): 23-23. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 28 Oct. 2008 .

Kaplan, J. Kim. "A Complex Buzz." Agricultural Research 56.5 (May 2008): 8-11. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 28 Oct. 2008 .

NRDC: Honeybees and Colony Collapse Disorder. Sept. 2008. National Resources Defense Council. 2 Nov. 2008

Paini, D. R. "Impact of the introduced honey bee (Apis mellifera) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on native bees: A review." Austral Ecology 29.4 (Aug. 2004): 399-407. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 14 Nov. 2008 .

"Two Bees Better Than One." Science & Children 44.3 (Nov. 2006): 8-9. Education Research Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM.]. 14 Nov. 2008 http://libproxy.unm.edu/login? url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=ehh&AN=22885757&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

Wood, Marcia. “Wonderful Wild Bees. (Cover story).” Agricultural Research 56.2 (Feb. 2008): 4-6. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 14 Nov. 2008 .

Winfree, Rachael, et al. “Native bees provide insurance against ongoing honey bee losses.” Ecology Letters
10.11 (Nov. 2007): 1105-1113. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. University Libraries, Albuquerque, NM. 14 Nov. 2008 .

ABC Insurance Agencies, located at 3429 Ryan Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-478-4995.

Dale Bernard Insurance Agency, Inc., located at 4344 Lake Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-477-7354.

Chris Duncan Agency, Inc., located at 501 East College Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-474-7040.

Clarke Insurance, located at 4840 Lake Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-474-1636.

Curtis Insurance, located at 509 7th Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-433-1683.

Direct General Insurance Agency, Inc., located at 1413 East Prien Lake Road, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-474-2014.

Don Shaw Insurance Agency, located at 1700 East Prien Lake Road, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-474-0006.

Farm Bureau Insurance, located at 2904 Warren Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-478-6714.

Raymond M. Fondel, Jr. Insurance Agency, located at 900 Ryan Street, Suite 101, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-433-6363.

GMA Agency, Inc., located at 1634 Ryan Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-436-3100.

Handley-Traske & Associates, located at 1808 Kirkman Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-439-8200.

Pat Hight Insurance Agency, located at 3405 Lake Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-474-2020.

Hunter Perrin Insurance Agency, Inc., located at 4412 Nelson Road, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-477-3830.

Insurance World, located at 5640 South Highway 14, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-478-6767 or visit www.insuranceworld.com.

Lyons Insurance, Inc., located at 3100 Lake Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-478-4466.

Scotty Mathews Insurance Agency, Inc., located at 1105 West Prien Lake Road, Suite A, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-474-0865.

Dave McCarty Insurance, located at 2108 Oak Park Boulevard, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-478-7052.

McFatter Insurance Agency, Inc., located at 1325 Oak Park Boulevard, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-433-1695.

Melisa McMillian Nelson Insurance, located at 4309 Common Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-474-4939.

Jim Mitchell Insurance Agency, Inc., located at 830 University Drive, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-474-4272.

Susan R. Morris Insurance Agency, located at 1936 Southwood Drive, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-480-0099.

Scott Raley Insurance Agency, located at 4415 Lake Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-474-3500.

John Riche Insurance, located at 313 Alamo Street, Suite B, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-477-7380.

Shelter Insurance Companies, located at 3028 Ryan Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-433-9720.

Terrell & Associates, Inc., located at 625 West College Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-474-4025.

US Agencies Direct Insurance Company, located at 3303 Ryan Street, Lake Charles, Louisiana. For more information, call 337-480-1000.

I’m calling it proper now: A gay character will almost immediately be introduced and their day job boss will be either black or Danny Bonaduce.

The exhibit will be written by Joe Lawson, the advertising copywriter responsible for the genius behind the Geico ads, but casting is composed up in the air. It’d be nice to see the same guys (Jeff Daniel Phillips, better known from the TV series “Standoff” and Ben Weber, better known from the TV series “West Wing”) from the commercial fetch the gig. After all, it was their delivery and facial expressions that really sold the commercial to America. Lawson is also responsible for the Geico gecko and the “Tiny House” insurance spots.

Daniel Rappaport, Guymon Cassady, Will Speck and Josh Gordon are executive producers. Speck and Gordon will also handle directing duties. They recently handled such duties for the new Will Farrell flick, Blades of Glory.

Actress Talia Shire, best known for her roll as Adrian from the Rocky franchise, stars in a current Geico ad as a psychiatrist who counsels one of the cavemen struggling with prejudice. Wouldn’t it be swell if she landed a “Dr. Melfi” type of role?

The characters tested the waters outside of their 30-second spotlight by appearing at 17^th Annual Night of 100 Stars Oscar gala at the Beverly Hills Hotel on February 25^th.

The show will most likely kick up a few laughs, but how far can the show actually go before it gets to be to shtick? Will the writers rely on obvious racial humor like many black comedians do? Oh I can only imagine how long it’ll take for Al Sharpton to commence calling for a boycott.

If you plan to watch this show, leave your hang-ups at the door and enjoy the exploitation of everyday stereotypes.

Sources:
Associated Press, “Geico Cavemen Commercials Being Turned Into a Sitcom” WKOW 27
URL: http://www.wkowtv.com/News/index.php? ID=9845

Associated Press, “Report: Geico Cavemen Will Be Focus of New ABC Sitcom” Fox News
URL: http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,256188,00.html

CBS Interactive, “Geico Cavemen Get Their Own Sitcom” The Showbiz
URL: http://www.showbuzz.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/03/02/tv/main2531626.shtml

Germain Lussier, “Geico Cavemen moving from commercials to primetime” Recordonline.com
URL: http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article? AID=/20070302/ENTERTAIN/70302013

Variety, “Geico’s Cavemen Getting a Comedy Series” Comingsoon.net
URL: http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php? id=19152

I remember my cousins being embarrassed about riding in it. Me, I really didn’t care, since it was better than walking to school, especially on those wonderful humid days we tend to get here in Miami. This being the case, it wasn’t a surprise that when it came time for me to start community college my aunt gave me the car. She was going to give it to one of my cousins, but she refused to drive anything that didn’t just near off the showroom floor. I was cheerful over this snub, since it meant I was getting a car! I was truly thrilled because this meant I had finally attained a certain amount of freedom. I could go to my classes at any time. I could go to the mall, to the movies, anywhere and not have to depend on anyone taking me or picking me up. It was great…until I actually had to drive it.

To launch with, the fuel gauge was broken. I never knew how much gas I had. At first I would just fill the tank whenever I thought I was getting low. But I stopped doing that after several instances in which I’d overflow the tank and gas spilled all over my shoes. From that point on, I would unprejudiced fuel up every three or four days. It wasn’t too much of an imposition, especially since at the time five or ten dollars worth of gas got you a pretty long way. The car also didn’t have a working air conditioner, which was brutal since I was attending Summer classes. I looked forward to the Winter term thinking I wouldn’t have to worry about getting to school dripping with sweat. My excitement however was short lived. In the mornings once I began the winter term, I realized in order for the car to actually go anywhere, I needed to let it warm up for almost half an hour! I had to wake up, go outside in the freezing morning, (yes I know it’s Miami but for us fifty degrees is cold) turn on the car, hit the gas for a runt then let it stay running while I got myself ready for school. And of course since it had no air-conditioning that meant the heater didn’t work either. Sometimes it was colder in the car than it was outside!

After driving it for about two years it finally died on me. My dad and I went to drop it off at a junk yard, and can you believe they wouldn’t take it? Not even for parts! It would up just sitting in our drive-way for several months, until one day I noticed it wasn’t there anymore. Turns out my cousin’s then boyfriend was asked by my aunt to “make it disappear.” The car was composed registered in my aunts name, so she ultimately had to report it stolen. There was no insurance on it so she never received anything for it, just extra room in her drive-way.

I look back now and realize it was actually sort of fun to drive that car, when it worked properly. It wasn’t fast, and whenever I’d hit the gas to speed up, it sounded like gun-shots coming at me from slow. It was rusty and there were several holes in the rear door. But it was a tank. I was once hit on the side by a Honda Prelude. The Prelude’s bumper was smashed inward, whereas my Comet drove away with a mere scratch, which my dad attempted to buff out. Why he even bothered I’ll never know.

Once you obtain a driver’s license whether you are 16 or 55, you now bear a license to waste. 2800lbs worth of metal, steel and fiber all controlled by a single individual makes it one of the most devastating and dangerous pieces of equipment in modern society. Accidents claim the lives of many individuals on a daily basis; young or old, big or miniature. All it takes for a simple �slip-up,’ perhaps not paying attention, becoming distracted, or unaware of how operation�of your�vehicle is being driven in an�unsafe manner. Please keep in mind, the level of danger you put to�those around you in when you drive the design you do.

Statistically speaking, accidents are more prone for the following reasons.

� Excessive speeding.
� Under age drinking
� DUI (Driving under influence)
� Drag racing.
� Numerous passengers.
� Narcotic possession
� Use of cellular device.
� Not wearing seatbelt.

Although these are key factors and deadly combinations to obtain during driving, teens are not solely responsible for committing these acts. There are numerous irresponsible adults who violate state laws each and every day. It just so happens that the majority of teenagers are caught more frequently than adults. Not every teen looks forward to violating regulations authorized by state highway authority. Infact, there are quite a few teens who really want to do the right thing.

Retain in mind when driving, the amount of responsibility you attain now that you possess a driver’s license. An automobile is a huge piece of expensive machinery, which can cause serious bodily wound if operated in an improper manner. Please remember the following�while on the road:

� Wear a seat belt!

I know seatbelts don’t possess much of a cool looking appeal. The one cool thing is that they’ll help safe your life! Without a seatbelt, the human anatomy is completely vulnerable to the movement of the vehicle. Also, make sure that�the belt �is fitted properly. A loose seatbelt is useless and can possibly cause more wound than good.

� Get off of that cell phone!

Nothing could be worse than breaking up with your girlfriend or boyfriend and getting into accident at the same time. What a day that would be! Cell phones impair your judgment and distract your ability to pay attention. It’s much harder to concentrate on the road and have an important conversation. So you say, “Well it’s not that important!” If not, then just hang up the dang thing.

� Alcohol/Narcotics

Driving and gushing down an alcoholic beverage is a serious offense in any status. Alcohol impairs reflexes, coordination and timing ability. All of these are detrimental factors when operating heavy and powerful machinery. Alcohol limits your ability to do these things safely. Not to mention, being caught behind the wheel with an alcoholic beverage in your vehicle can result in your license being revoked or voided permantely.

� Speeding

Listen, I know you’re late for work, but that’s your fault, not mines or the next man slow you! Prefer it easy on that gas pedal and try obeying the speed limits in those very zones you blast through every morning. Speed can be a joyous thing on any racing game where life form is fictious. But in the valid world, speed kills.

� Passenger counts

Passengers do count. If you choose to take a drive somewhere, originate obvious you do a head count and a behavior count of who’ll be traveling with you. With all do respect, certain friends sometimes have the tendency to encourage you to be stupid, literally. They assume it’s fun and captivating. If you know of a clear friend who encourages you to do the wrong things, leave�them behind. That same friend is the one who’ll leave you when your car is all smashed in and lying in the junk yard.

Driving a vehiclecan be benefical, rewarding and a wonderful feeling. However, driving is a privilege and not a right. Therefore, in order to retain your driving privileges, one must follow the law accordingly, or face severe consequences.

Need Residence Regulation laws or Auto Insurance for your area?

Visit www.dmv.org

Or try the following pick up searches regarding auto insurance.

*Senate Auto Insurance
*State Farm Auto Insurance
*Allstate Auto Insurance
*Nationwide Auto Insurance.
*Henry’s Auto Insurance
*Maff Auto Insurance
*Geico Auto Insurance
*AAA Auto Insurance
*Keystone Auto Insurance

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www.naic.org
www.autoblog.com
www.walletpop.com .